Observed capability

Inspect direct adult literacy, numeracy and problem-solving assessments alongside digital proxies, language self-report and adult-learning formation—with OECD's Poland-specific evidence caution retained.

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Verifying released Skills account…Equal schema does not imply equal evidence depth.

Sparse capability account

What can official evidence actually observe?

Each headline retains its own population, year, flag and measurement method. No headline is multiplied by Education, Health or population to manufacture a capable-person count.

At least basic digital—Ages 16–74 · activity proxy · —

Young digital capability—Ages 16–24 · same proxy boundary

Older digital capability—Ages 55–74 · same proxy boundary

At least one foreign language—Ages 18–69 · self-report · —

Adult learning—Ages 25–64 · formation · —

Qualification ≠ skill; skill ≠ occupation; occupation ≠ strategic availability. Direct assessment, proxies, self-report and formation remain separate evidence families.

DIRECT ASSESSMENT

Adult literacy, numeracy and adaptive problem solving

OECD PIAAC Cycle 2 directly assesses adults aged 16–65. Poland's official country note requires caution because of unusual response patterns; the warning travels with every score.

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Digital Skills Indicator 2.0

Capability proxies vary across domains and generations

“At least basic” means the respondent reported activities required by Eurostat's DSI 2.0 method. It is not a direct proficiency test.

At least-basic digital capability · percentage of individuals
Domain	16–74	16–24	25–54	55–74	Male	Female

Current DSI method

A short comparable digital-capability series

The older digital-skills methodology is not spliced onto DSI 2.0. Historical chunks load only when this section enters view.

Historical digital capability remains unloaded until needed.

Foreign-language knowledge · self-report

How many languages do adults report knowing?

These are respondents' own reports, not assessed proficiency.

Share by number of foreign languages known
Population	None	One	Two	Three+

Formation signal

Is the adult population renewing formation?

Participation in formal or non-formal learning during the previous 12 months is kept as a pipeline signal, not a measured capability state.

Method and evidence

Read the evidence class and caution with the value

Scientific limits

Official evidence

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Skills ≠ Education ≠ Talent. No occupation mapping, credential-to-skill inference, productivity estimate, Skills future or composite Human score is published.